Brushing lacquer



Patent ed Jan; 2 1", 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE STANLEY D.SHIPLEY, 0F STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO ATLAS POWDER COMPANY, OFWILMINGTON, DELAWARE, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE BRUSHIN'G LACQUER NoDrawing.

known solvents, upon old work, that is, upon surfaces Which have beenpreviously coated with paint, varnish or nitrocellulose lacquer orlacquer enamel, the solvent content of the newly applied coat hasattacked and and softened the undercoating and it has not been possibleto get a good finish. This is particu 1 larly true if the application ofthe newly approduce a nitrocellulose lacquer or lacquer plied coat iswith a brush, where the mechanical action of the brush tends to dislodgeand,

slough off the softened undercoatings.

One of the reasons why it has not been possible to successfully applythese nitrocellu lose lacquers and lacquer enamels with a brush, evenupon new surfaces, is that the solvents commonly employed, dry orevaporate with such rapidity that pulling develops before the brushingcan be completed, with the result that a smooth surface cannot besecured.

To avoid the foregoing difficulties and to enamel which may besuccessfully applied in any suitable way, including brushing, and eitherupon ,new work or over previously applied coatings, I reduce the amountof active solvent in the lacquer to a quantity just sufficient to keepthe nitrocellulose in solution and I'employ, in conjunction therewith, asubstantial proportion of a diluent consisting of a petroleumhydrocarbon, such as gasoline.

As hereinafter set forth, I employ as much I as 37 570 of gasoline, andthis large proportion of gasoline so attentuates or dilutes the solventof the lacquer that the latter will not appreciably attack previouslyapplied undercoatings of the class described, namely, paints, varnishes,nitrocellulose lacquers, or lacquer enamels. Paints, as commonlyApplication filed October 21, 1925 Serial No. 64,029.

known, contain oils and nitrocellulose, paints, lacquers 0r enamelspractically always contain resins or gums. Gasoline is either a poorsolvent or a non-solvent forthese substances and, consequently, will notitself appreciably attack undercoatings of the character described, andat the same time, when used in the large proportions stated, it preventsthe solvent of the present lacquer from attacking such previouslyapplied undercoats. I do not claim to be the first to use gasoline as adiluent in nitrocellulose lacquers, nor to be the first to havediscovered that gasoline may be used as a diluent in nitrocelluloselacquers, but so far as I am aware, what is new with me is theconception of the though of using in a brushing lacquer, a very largeproportion of a diluent having, upon the one hand, the characteristicthat, despite the large proportion of the same present, it exercises noappreciable softening effect upon the previously applied coats of paint,lacquer, varnishes, and the like, and,

in addition, when used in such large proportions, so dilutes the solventcontent ofthe lacquer as to prevent that element of the composition fromattacking such undercoats.

In the specific proportions hereinafter recited, I disclose the use ofother diluents in conjunction with the gasoline, in the presentinstance, specifically, toluol. In the absence of the gasoline, toluolwould attack previously applied coatings of paint, varnish, lacquer, andthe like, but when gasoline, in the proportions recited is used, theresultant dilution of the toluol is so great that it does not thenappreciably attack such undercoatings. Further, it will be recognized byany one skilled in the art, that the nitrocellulose solvents employed inmy composition would 59,164 filed on the 28th day of September,

1925, I have claimed a lacquer analogous to that claimed herein.However, in the application aforesaid, the claims are devoted to theprotection of the thought of utilizing,

Ethyl acetate in a lacquer of the character described, a slow dryingsolvent, (specifically ethyl glycol). The present application isintended to cover the broad thought of reducing the amount of activesolvent in the lacquer to a quantity just suflicient to keep thenitrocellulose in solution and the employment of a diluent, of such anature that the diluent will not, itself, exercise any undesirableeffect upon undercoatings. The present application is intended to coverthe thought outlined above, irrespective of whether such solvent ismaterially slower drying than the solvents commonly employed innitrocellulose solutions, or not.

The following composition will yield a lacquer which will notundesirably eifect undercoatings.

Per cent Camphor oil 1.5 Butyl acetate 20.5 Gasoline 27.5 Toluol 37.5Resin solution 5 100 Nitrocellulose 3 oz. per gallon In addition to theresin solution above mentioned, I contemplate incorporating pigments(zinc oxide for example) to make lacquer enamels.

It should be understood that the above recited formula is merelyillustrative. It is not necessary that the diluents used consist whollyof asoline or, other petroleum hydrocarbon. Sther diluents may bepresent. It is only necessary that a substantial proportion of thediluent be of a nature, such that it will have no destructive effectupon previously applied coatings. Most of the commonly used diluents,such as toluene or benzene, for example, are, themselves, de-

structive of undercoatings when used in a lacquer. Furthermore, it is ofimportance that the rates of evaporation of the solvent and the diluentemplo ed-be such as to insure the evaporation o the diluent ahead of pthe complete evaporation of the solvent, since otherwisev thenitrocellulose would be precipitated from the-solution and thenitrocellulose film would be s oiled. It would be hazy very weak and proably non-adherent.

When making nitrocellulose lacquers containing resins, the gum solutionis added to the nitrocellulose solution. It is sometimes desirable to emloy small uantities of toluol or alcohol as so vents for t e resin inmaking the gum solution. However the quantity of resin solvent requiredis so small as to exert no appreciable deleterious eifect on previouslyapplied undercoatings and it is to be understood that substances usedprimarily as resin solvents are not to be considered diluents within themeaning of the appended claim.

I am aware of the fact that it is common practice to use gasoline as adiluent in nitrocellulose solvent compositions. However, to the best ofmy knowledge and belief, gasoline has never been designedly employed inthe particular proportions and for the purposes, outlined herein, nor amI aware that it has ever been employed in such proportions and with asolvent of such a nature, as to insure the evaporation of the diluentahead of the evaporation of the 'solvent, to the end of producing alacquer which can be applied by spraying, dipping or brushing and yetgive a smooth finish, and which will not attack undercoats, eitherthrough the action of the solvent or the action of the diluent.

Having described myinvention, what I claim is: K

A lacquer composition comprising the following ingredients, combined insubstantially the proportions stated, viz:

' Per cent Ethyl acetate Gamphor oil 1.5 Butyl acetate 20.5 Gasoline37.5 Toluol 27.5 Resin solution 5 combined with nitrocellulose 3 ozs.per gallon.

In testimony whereof he affixes his signature.

STANLEY D. SHIPLEY.

